Geographical analysis of light pollution in the residential areas of the holy city of Najaf ((sources and levels))

Abstract

The study aims to identify the external and internal sources of light pollution in the residential areas of the holy city of Najaf, and measure the levels of light intensity emitted from them; Considering that this type of increasing pollution has become important in recent times. Measurements were made (with a Light Meter CEM DT-8820) on different samples within the study area, to determine the level of light pollution resulting from different housing units, and to measure the intensity of lighting both inside and outside. The recorded levels were compared with some standards, and it was found that they often exceed the healthy level. The field survey and the geographical distribution of light pollution in residential areas showed that there are hot spots that represent high levels of light intensity, and the extent and severity of these spots may increase in the future in conjunction with the increase in excessive use of lighting and the urban expansion of residential use in the study area.